After receiving a recent increase in the number of reported OneDrive for Business sync issues, ITS would like to ask users experiencing sync issues to please contact the IT Support Centre to have your issue recorded and reviewed.
Users affected by this problem may receive the following error message: "An error occurred while attempting to synchronize this document library.”
Microsoft has acknowledged that a recent change may have affected some users and have provided a link to additional information and end user steps to resolve the problem.

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3118724

ITS has confirmed that “Method 2: Remove your OneDrive for Business cache” in the Microsoft article referenced has been successful in resolving the problem when “Method 1: Perform a repair of the OneDrive for Business sync connection” has failed.